Events on March 12 39
Events on this day include: Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Byzantine... (538); Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Pe... (1550); Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, are canonized by the Roman Catholic Church (1622).
See the full March 12 overview.
Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius
Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile
Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, are canonized by the Roman Catholic Church
Peninsular War: A day after a successful rearguard action, French Marshal Michel Ney once again successfully delayed the pursuing Anglo-Portuguese force at the Battle of Redinha
American Civil War: The Red River Campaign begins as a US Navy fleet of 13 Ironclads and 7 Gunboats and other support ships enter the Red River
Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.
Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph A. Biedenharn.
The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.
Canberra Day: The future capital of Australia is officially named Canberra. (Melbourne remains temporary capital until 1927 while the new capital is still under construction.)
Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint Petersburg held this status for 215 years.
The Kapp Putsch begins when the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt is ordered to march on Berlin.
Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
In California, the St. Francis Dam fails; the resulting floods kills 431 people.
Mahatma Gandhi begins the Salt March, a 200-mile march to the sea to protest the British monopoly on salt in India
Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This is also the first of his "fireside chats".
Konstantin Päts and General Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties.
Winter War: Finland signs the Moscow Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union, ceding almost all of Finnish Karelia. Finnish troops and the remaining population are immediately evacuated.
Pacific War: The Battle of Java ends with an ABDACOM surrender to the Japanese Empire in Bandung, West Java, Dutch East Indies.
The Llandow air disaster occurs near Sigingstone, Wales, in which 80 people die when their aircraft crashed, making it the world's deadliest air disaster at the time.
Suharto take power from Sukarno when the MPRS inaugurated him as Acting President of Indonesia.
The March 12 Memorandum is sent to the Suleyman Demirel government of Turkey and the government resigns.
Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Several bombs explode in Mumbai, India, killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more.
North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites.
The President of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, is impeached by its National Assembly: The first such impeachment in the nation's history.
Financier Bernard Madoff pleads guilty in New York to scamming $18 billion, the largest in Wall Street's history.
A reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant melts and explodes and releases radioactivity into the atmosphere a day after Japan's earthquake.
A gas explosion in the New York City neighborhood of East Harlem kills eight and injures 70 others.