On This Day: August 14

King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as King of Scotland.

Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan (traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).

Count Adolf VIII of Berg grants town privileges to Düsseldorf, the village on the banks of the Düssel.

War of the Breton Succession: Anglo-Bretons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, grants city privileges to Carlsbad which is subsequently named after him.

Portuguese Crisis of 1383-85: Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese forces commanded by King John I and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira defeat the Castilian army of King John I.

Publication of the Mainz Psalter, the first book to feature a printed date of publication and printed colophon

Battle of Otranto: Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam; they are later honored in the Church.

The first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis.

Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeats an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.