Events on July 28 26
Year 1364
Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
Year 1540
Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
Year 1571
La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.
Year 1635
In the Eighty Years' War the Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.
Year 1778
Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.
Year 1794
French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.
Year 1809
Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.
Year 1854
USS Constellation (1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy, is commissioned.
Year 1864
American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church: Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.
Year 1866
At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
Year 1868
The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
Year 1914
In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, igniting World War I.
Year 1917
The Silent Parade took place in New York City, in protest to murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans.
Year 1932
U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
Year 1938
Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
Year 1942
World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.
Year 1943
World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
Year 1945
A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.