Events on July 10 57
Year 138
Emperor Hadrian dies of heart failure at Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
Year 645
Isshi Incident: Prince Naka-no-Ōe and Fujiwara no Kamatari assassinate Soga no Iruka during a coup d'état at the imperial palace.
Year 988
The Norse King Glúniairn recognises Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland, and agrees to pay taxes and accept Brehon Law; the event is considered to be the founding of the city of Dublin.
Year 1212
The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground.
Year 1460
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton.
Year 1499
The Portuguese explorer Nicolau Coelho returns to Lisbon after discovering the sea route to India as a companion of Vasco da Gama.
Year 1519
Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor a usurper, beginning the Prince of Ning rebellion, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing.
Year 1584
William I of Orange is assassinated in his home in Delft, Holland, by Balthasar Gérard.
Year 1778
American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Year 1806
The Vellore Mutiny is the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company.
Year 1821
The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain.
Year 1832
U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
Year 1850
U.S. President Millard Fillmore is sworn in, a day after becoming President upon Zachary Taylor's death.
Year 1869
Gävle, Sweden, is largely destroyed in a fire; 80% of its 10,000 residents are left homeless.
Year 1877
The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
Year 1882
War of the Pacific: Chile suffers its last military defeat in the Battle of La Concepción when a garrison of 77 men is annihilated by a 1,300-strong Peruvian force, many of them armed with spears.
Year 1913
The temperature in Death Valley, California, hits 134 °F (57 °C), the highest temperature ever to be recorded on Earth.
Year 1921
Belfast's Bloody Sunday: Sixteen people are killed and 161 houses destroyed during rioting and gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Year 1925
Meher Baba begins his silence of 44 years. His followers observe Silence Day on this date in commemoration.
Year 1925
Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins of John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
Year 1927
Kevin O'Higgins TD, Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State is assassinated by the IRA.
Year 1938
Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91-hour airplane flight around the world.
Year 1941
Jedwabne pogrom: Massacre of Polish Jews living in and near the village of Jedwabne.
Year 1942
Diplomatic relations between the Netherlands and the Soviet Union are established.
Year 1942
World War II: An American pilot spots a downed, intact Mitsubishi A6M Zero on Akutan Island (the "Akutan Zero") that the US Navy uses to learn the aircraft's flight characteristics.
Year 1947
Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor-General of Pakistan by the British Prime Minister, Clement Attlee.
Year 1966
The Chicago Freedom Movement, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., holds a rally at Soldier Field in Chicago. As many as 60,000 people attend.
Year 1973
National Assembly of Pakistan passes a resolution on the recognition of Bangladesh.
Year 1976
Four mercenaries (one American and three British) are executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial.
Year 1978
President Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania is ousted in a bloodless coup d'état.
Year 1985
The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland harbour by French DGSE agents, killing Fernando Pereira.
Year 1985
An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 stalls and crashes near Uchkuduk, Uzbekistan (then part of the Soviet Union), killing all 200 people on board in the USSR's worst-ever airline disaster.
Year 1991
The South African cricket team is readmitted into the International Cricket Council following the end of Apartheid.
Year 1992
In Miami, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations.
Year 1997
In London, scientists report the findings of the DNA analysis of a Neanderthal skeleton which supports the "out of Africa theory" of human evolution, placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
Year 1997
Miguel Ángel Blanco, a member of Partido Popular (Spain), is kidnapped (and later murdered) in the Basque city of Ermua by ETA members, sparking widespread protests.
Year 1998
Catholic Church sexual abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by Rudolph Kos, a former priest.
Year 2000
EADS, the world's second-largest aerospace group is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA.
Year 2002
At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents is sold for £49.5 million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson.
Year 2005
Hurricane Dennis slams into the Florida Panhandle, causing billions of dollars in damage.
Year 2008
Former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boškoski is acquitted of all war-crimes charges by a United Nations Tribunal.
Year 2011
Russian cruise ship Bulgaria sinks in Volga near Syukeyevo, Tatarstan, causing 122 deaths.
Year ?
Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat by Pompey in Macedonia.